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Paediatrics MCQs with key

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1.An eight year old boy presented to the casualty with high fever, pruritic erythematous rash, joint pain and lymph node enlargement. There is a history of upper respiratory tract infection for which he was on cefaclor – 8 days completed of a 10 day course. The most likely diagnosis is?
A. Serum sickness like illness
B. HSP
C. Type III hypersensitivity
D. Kawasaki disease

Correct answer : A. Serum sickness like illness
Serum sickness like reaction can occur following the use of certain drugs, especially cefaclor in children. It presents with an urticarial / purpuric rash, arthritis, lymphadenopathy and fever. But unlike true serum sickness (a type III hypersensitivity response), it is not caused by circulating immune complexes.



2.A one year old child presented to the OPD with the history of short stature, tiredness and constipation. Examination revealed a palpable goitre. Serum T4 was decreased and TSH levels were increased. Which is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Thyroid dysgenesis
B. Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis
C. TSH receptor blocking antibody
D. Central hypothyroidism

Correct answer : B. Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis
Among the options given, only Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis presents with a palpable goitre.
 
 
3.Most common tumour associated with Neurofibromatosis I in children is?
A. AML
B. CML
C. ALL
D. JMML (Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia)

Correct answer :  D. JMML (Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia)
Children with NF1 have a 200-500 times increased incidence of JMML.

 
4.The protective effects of breast milk are known to be associated with:
A. IgM antibodies
B. Lysozyme
C. Mast cells
D. IgA antibodies

Correct answer : D. IgA antibodies
Although breast milk contains both breast milk and antibodies; antibodies play the major role in providing immunity. Breast fed babies have lower incidence of diarrhoea, otitis media, pneumonia, bacteremia and meningitis.


5.All of the following therapies may be required in a 1 hour old infant with severe birth asphyxia except:
A. Glucose
B. Dexamethasone
C. Calcium gluconate
D. Normal saline

Correct answer : B. Dexamethasone
Steroids should not be used in management of infants with asphyxia



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