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FCPS part 1 Medicine solved mcqs with explanation  Q5: Corneal opacities are caused by: a) Ethambutol b) Phenothiazines c) Cholorquine d) Penicillamine Correct Answer: c Explanation: Chloroquine is commonly used anti-malarial used for the treatment & prevention of Malaria. One of its important side effects occurs in the eyes. It can cause corneal deposits, lenticular deposits & damage to the retina.  

FCPS part 1 Medicine solved mcqs with explanation Q4: Captopril causes: a) Hyperkalemia b) Hypernatremia c) Hypokalemia d) Hypercalcemia Correct Answer: a Explanation: Captopril is one of the ACEI (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor). Major side effects of ACEIs are cough (due to increased levels of bradykinin), angioedema, hyperkalemia ,proteinuria. Hyperkalemia with ACEI therapy occurs because: Renin-Angiotensin system is a potent stimulator of aldosterone release. Aldosterone inturn conserves sodium & increases the excretion of potassium. With ACEIs, the rennin-angiotensin system is inhibited, so is aldosterone secretion, resulting in low plasma levels of aldosterone. Low aldosterone prevents the excretion of potassium, which builds up in body resulting in hyperkalemia.  

FCPS part 1 Medicine solved mcqs with explanatio Q3: A patient with acute blood loss, the mechanism triggered immediately would be: a) Baroreceptor Reflex b) Renin-angiotensin System c) Chemoreceptor d) CNS ischemic response Correct Answer: a Explanation: Most important and quick response in severe hemorrhage such as acute blood loss is the baroreceptor reflex. Baroreceptors are present in the aortic arch (signal transmitted via vagus nerve to medulla) & carotid sinus (signal transmitted via glossopharyngeal nerve to medulla). Barorecptors respond to changes in BP as following: Hypotension àdecreased arterial pressure à decreased stretch on baroreceptors à decreased afferent baroreceptor firing à increased efferent sympathetic firing & decreased efferent