Paediatrics mcqs with answers set 2

1. The most common presentation of a child with Wilms tumor is:
A. An asymptomatic abdominal mass
B. Haematuria
C. Hypertension
D. Hemoptysis due to pulmonary secondary
Correct answer : A. An asymptomatic abdominal mass

2.ln a child, non functioning kidney is best diagnosed by:
A. Ultrasonography
B. IVU
C. DTPA renogram
D. Creatinine clearance
Correct answer : C. DTPA renogram
Isotope renogram is the best modality for renal function estimation.

3.The most common cause of renal scarring in a 3 year old child is:
A. Trauma
B. Tuberculosis
C. Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis
D. Interstitial nephritis
Correct answer : C. Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis

4. A child with recurrent urinary tract infections is most likely to show:
A. Posterior urethral valves
B. Vesicoureteric reflux
C. Neurogenic bladder
D. Renal and ureteric calculi
Correct answer : B. Vesicoureteric reflux
Vesicoureteric reflux is the most common cause of urinary tract infections in childhood. (upto 50%)

5.Which of the following is the most common renal cystic disease in infants?
A. Polycystic kidney
B. Simple renal cyst
C. Unilateral renal dysplasia
D. Calyceal cyst
Correct answer : C. Unilateral renal dysplasia

6. One of the intestinal enzymes that is generally deficient in children following an attack of severe infectious enteritis is:
A. Lactase
B. Trypsin
C. Lipase
D. Amylase
Correct answer : A. Lactase
Even in the normal intestine, the lactase activity is limited. Hence it is most prone to become deficient following an attack of infectious enteritis.

7. The most common type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is:
A. Supracardiac
B. Infracardiac
C. Mixed
D. Cardiac
Correct answer : A. Supracardiac

8. Eisenmenger syndrome is characterized by all except:
A. Return of left ventricle & right ventricle to normal size
B. Pulmonary veins not distended
C. Pruning of peripheral pulmonary arteries
D. Dilatation of central pulmonary arteries
Correct answer : A. Return of left ventricle & right ventricle to normal size
Right ventricular hypertrophy that develops in Eisenmenger syndrome will not return to normal size.

9. Diagnosis of beta Thalassernia is established by:
A. NESTROFT Test
B. HbA1c estimation
C. Hb electrophoresis
D. Target cells in peripheral smear
Correct answer : C. Hb electrophoresis
NESTROFT Test – Naked Eye Single Tube Red Cell Osmotic Fragility Test – used for screening for Thalassemia
HbA1c – Used to assess long term glycemic control in diabetics (blood sugar control over past 3 months)
Target cells – A feature of thalassemia, but not diagnostic

10. The most common leukocytoclastic vasculitis affecting children is:
A. Takayasu disease
B. Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease)
C. Henoch–Schönlein purpura
D. Polyarteritis nodosa
Correct answer : C. Henoch–Schönlein purpura
HSP is the most common childhood vasculitis. It is produces leukocytoclastic vasculitis.